By Bridget Sullivan, PA-C, Coastal Skin Surgery and Dermatology, PCB
Acne is a common skin condition affecting both adolescents and adults. The causes of acne are multifactorial and include an increase in sebum or oil production, hormonal changes, clogged pores, bacteria, and inflammation. Understanding these factors is essential for effective treatment and management.
Fluctuations in hormone levels can lead to an increase in sebum or oil production, making people more prone to acne. People experiencing puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy experience hormone level fluctuations, making these populations particularly susceptible to acne flares. Increases in oil production lead to a cascade of clogged hair follicles, bacterial formation and inflammation which can then lead to inflammatory pimples and cyst.
Clogged pores or comedones can also lead to acne development. Causes for clogged pores include heavy makeup, certain skincare products, pollution, sweat, and humidity. These clogged pores will cause blackheads and whiteheads. Also, pores clogged with dead skin cells can often lead to inflammatory acne and pimples.
There are many different treatment options for acne. When buying skin care products look for ingredients containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic or glycolic acid, and alpha or beta hydroxy acids. These ingredients can combat bacteria and unclog pores.
Acne treatment should be tailored to each individual for their type of acne and skin type. If you have inflammatory pimples and cysts, you might need a prescription strength oral or topical antibiotic.
To treat hormonal acne in women you might need a prescription of spironolactone or a topical anti-hormonal cream. By regulating hormone levels, we can decrease sebum or oil production. There is also a treatment option of an oral retinoid, commonly known as accutane, that can be prescribed for severe or stubborn inflammatory and cystic acne.
Lifestyle changes also play an important role in managing acne. A consistent skincare routine that includes gentle cleansing and non-comedogenic products can help prevent breakouts. Additionally, maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and managing stress levels can contribute to healthier skin.
The goal of acne treatment is to clear the acne and prevent scarring. When treating acne with a tailored treatment approach and getting the patient on a proper skin care regimen we can accomplish this goal. Acne is often more than skin deep and can affect people’s self image and self esteem. It’s a great feeling to have a patient leave the office after their acne is cleared with a new complexion and new air of confidence! If you are struggling with acne, I encourage you to make an appointment with a dermatology provider to get your treatment plan started.
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