By Dr. Jessica Clark, Beach Dermatology Skin Wellness Clinic
Acne is one of the most common skin conditions affecting individuals worldwide, particularly during the teenage years. However, it can persist into adulthood, causing both physical and emotional distress. As a board-certified dermatologist, I have seen firsthand the impact acne can have on people’s confidence and mental well-being. In this article, I’ll explain what acne is, its causes, treatment options, and how you can manage it effectively.
- Causes of Acne
The underlying cause of acne is multifactorial, meaning that a combination of factors can contribute to its development:- Excess Oil Production: Sebaceous glands in the skin produce oil (sebum), which helps to protect the skin. However, excess sebum can clog pores, leading to acne formation.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormones, particularly androgens, play a significant role in acne. These hormones can increase the size and activity of sebaceous glands. This is why acne often flares up during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or when using hormonal birth control.
- Bacterial Growth: The bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) naturally lives on the skin. However, when hair follicles are clogged, it can multiply rapidly, causing inflammation and infection.
- Genetics: A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Diet: Some studies suggest that high-glycemic foods (like refined sugars and dairy) may exacerbate acne in some individuals.
- Stress: While stress doesn’t directly cause acne, it can trigger flare-ups by increasing hormone levels and oil production.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as steroids or some birth control pills, can also contribute to acne.
Treatment Options for Acne
While acne can be frustrating, the good news is that it is treatable. The key to managing acne effectively is understanding the severity of your condition and seeking the right treatment plan. Treatments vary from over-the-counter products to prescription medications, and in some cases, professional procedures.
- Topical Treatments:
- Benzoyl Peroxide: A popular over-the-counter treatment that kills bacteria and helps reduce inflammation.
- Salicylic Acid: A beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that helps exfoliate the skin and unclog pores.
- Retinoids: Derived from Vitamin A, retinoids help prevent clogged pores and reduce inflammation. They are available in both over-the-counter and prescription-strength formulas. Prescription strength is much stronger and more effective.
- Antibiotics: Topical antibiotics, like clindamycin, reduce bacterial growth and inflammation.
- Oral Medications:
- Oral Antibiotics: In moderate to severe cases, antibiotics like tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline can help reduce bacteria and inflammation.
- Oral Contraceptives: For women, birth control pills containing estrogen can help regulate hormonal fluctuations that trigger acne.
- Oral Spironolactone: For women, if topicals alone are not providing clearance, this is an alternative to antibiotics that is safe and effective especially for cystic acne, or those suffering with adult female acne. We are using this more as we are trying to get away from using oral antibiotics.
- Isotretinoin (Accutane): This medication is often used for severe, cystic acne. It reduces sebum production, prevents clogged pores, and decreases bacterial growth.
- Professional Treatments:
- Chemical Peels: A dermatologist can apply a chemical solution to exfoliate the skin, helping to reduce acne and improve skin texture.
- Laser Therapy: Certain types of laser treatments target the oil glands, reduce bacteria, and improve the appearance of scars.
- Drainage and Extraction: A dermatologist may use a sterile instrument to remove large cysts or comedones to reduce inflammation and prevent scarring.
- Prevention and Lifestyle Modifications
While it’s not always possible to prevent acne entirely, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk and manage flare-ups:- Gentle Skin Care: Wash your face twice a day with a gentle cleanser, but avoid scrubbing too hard or using harsh products that can irritate the skin and worsen acne.
- Non-Comedogenic Products: Use makeup, sunscreens, and moisturizers labeled “non-comedogenic,” which means they are formulated not to clog pores.
- Avoid Picking or Squeezing: Picking at acne can introduce bacteria into the skin and lead to scarring and more breakouts.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated and flush out toxins.
- Manage Stress: Practice stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, or exercise.
To schedule an appointment or for more information, call Beach Dermatology Skin Wellness Clinic at (850) 238-8511.
